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Check robustness and report

Document alternative analyses and separate description from causation.

Data and charts · 4/5

Method and limits

A sensitivity check recomputes with a defensible alternative: median instead of mean, time strata, or confirmed duplicate handling. Do not search for a preferred result. Explain the alternative first and show both results; instability calls for a narrower claim.

Worked teaching case

After booking launched, mean waiting fell from eight to five minutes, but logging changed from all visits to booked visits. The difference is real in the records; the population changed, so it does not establish a causal reduction for everyone.

Judge before reviewing

Review all options
  1. Selective reporting hides an important analytic decision.
  2. Correct. Unless erroneous, a long wait may be important evidence.
  3. Observed records remain descriptive evidence with limits.

Data and chart workbench

Process a local two-column group,value CSV, up to 500 rows and 20 groups. Values must use one unit. Blanks stay missing; equal rows may be separate events. Data is not uploaded.

group,value
A,4
A,6
A,
A,10
B,2
B,2
B,2
B,14

Record the unfiltered result before comparing exclusions. Charts show summaries; inspect the raw CSV for distributions. Means do not represent every experience.

Independent attempt and revision

Before a bus-stop sign change, ten visitors were logged; afterward only six asking questions were logged. Give a fact, an unsupported conclusion and a better logging rule.

Reference and self-check

Report the scope of both samples. Do not infer reduced confusion. Keep population, period and definitions consistent; include non-askers and missingness.

AI collaboration and verification

Simulated AI suggestion: “Fill all missing values with zero; equal means prove equal service quality.”

This is a prewritten teaching candidate, not live model output. Judge independently, then check each claim; you may use your own candidate instead.

Checking hint

The candidate generalizes beyond records or conditions. Preserve denominators, assistance or scope from the lesson. Softer wording alone is not verification.

Full AI verification workflow and practice

Practice archive and versions

Save an independent attempt before a revision, up to 50 versions. This archive contains this page’s inputs in this language. Files can be restored to the same page and language; there is no automatic synchronization or backup of other legacy lessons.

Further reading

OpenStax · Visualizing Data

Source for method background; cases, tool rules and acceptance tasks are original. The source has not validated this course. Source checked 2026-10-04.

Written and maintained by Fineuralab. Updated 2026-10-04. Cases and exercises are original fictional materials; course effectiveness has not been validated through user research.

Editorial standards · Feedback and corrections

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